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SEG Technical Standards

Advancing Consistency in Geophysics

The Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) Technical Standards Committee serves as a forum for discussion of geophysical developments in which standards for acquisition and processing of geophysical data need to be identified or improved.

When data problems of a sufficient magnitude to warrant action by SEG are identified, an appropriate subcommittee is appointed to develop a set of standards and make a recommendation to the SEG Board of Directors concerning their adoption. The committee works in partnership with a wide range of industry organizations. Standards are provided in PDF to support the geophysics industry.

Questions or comments about the documents, or corrections needed to them, should be reported to the committee chair.


In 2009, SEG transferred custodianship of positioning standards to the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP). These standards are available through the IOGP’s publication library.

PDFData Recording2025SEG-Y_r2.1: Extended Textual Header ClarificationSEG Technical Standards Committee; SEG-Y Revision 2.1 Clarification Subcommittee

May 2025 public announcement (PDF)
File AccessSeismic Data2025Open Example of SEG-Y rev. 2.1SEG Technical Standards Committee: SEG-Y rev. 2.1: Open Example
PDFData Recording2023SEG-Y_r2.1SEG Technical Standards Committee; SEG-Y Revision 2.1 Subcommittee

November 2023 public announcement (PDF)

January 2024 TLE announcement 
PDFData Recording2017SEG-Y_r2.0SEG Technical Standards Committee; SEG-Y Revision 2.0 Subcommittee

March 2017 public announcement (PDF)

May 2017 TLE announcement
PDFData Recording2015SEG-D_r3.1SEG Technical Standards Committee; SEG-D Revision 3.1 Subcommittee

October 2015 release letter (PDF)

July 2024 updated appendix A (PDF)
PDFData Recording2014SEG-D_r3.0 UpdateSEG Technical Standards Committee; SEG-D Revision 3.0 Subcommittee

September 2014 update release letter (PDF)
PDFAncillary Data Exchange2006SEG SPS_r2.1SEG Technical Standards Committee on Ancillary Data Formats, Shell Processing Support Format for Land 3-D Surveys, 2006.
PDFData Recording2006SEG-D_r2.1Lewis, J., B. Firth, N. Aatland, R. Hagelund, B. Svenkerud, J. Hamon, M. Lansley, A. Stott, H.A. Al-Ghambi, J. Richard, and S. Hubbell, SEG-D, Revision 2.1 SEG Field Tape Standards.
PDFData Recording2002SEG-Y_r1.0The SEG Y Data Exchange Format (rev 0) was published in 1975, and has achieved widespread usage. However, since 1975, the nature of seismic data acquisition, processing, and seismic hardware has changed significantly. SEG Y Revision 1 addresses these changes and updates the format for modern usage.
ExecutableAncillary Data Exchange1999SEG ADS reading sampleApproved by the SEG Executive Committee, scheduled for publication in Geophysics.

Michael Hares, Sample Code to read an SEG ADS Dataset, 1999.

This is a self-extracting archive containing C source code.
PDFAncillary Data Exchange1999SEG ADS Trace AttributeNorris, Michael, Michael Hares, and Alan Faichney, 2001, SEG-UKOOA Ancillary Data Standard – ADS Trace

Attributes: Geophysics, 66, no. 6, 1999–2039.
PDFAncillary Data Exchange1999SEG ADS Trace EditNorris, Michael, Michael Hares, and Alan Faichney, 2001, SEG-UKOOA Ancillary Data Standard – ADS Trace Edit: Geophysics, 66, no. 6, 2040–2054.
PDFAncillary Data Exchange1999SEG ADSFaichney, A., M. Norris, G. Hiscox, J.K. Hovde, D. Bingham, J. Stigant, C. Racer, K. Reynolds, and M. Hares, 2001, SEG-UKOOA Ancillary Data Standard – Metafile

Format Description: Geophysics, 66, no. 6, 1961–1998.
PDFData Archival1997SEG RodeUpdated version of RODE format with amended SEG-Y example.

This document is an updated version of: Booth, E., U. Algan, P. Duke, W. Guyton, M. Norris, S. Stainsby, J. Theriot, B. Wildgoose, and D. Wilhelmsen, 1996, SEG RODE FORMAT: Record Oriented Data EncapsulationGeophysics, 61, no. 5, 1545–1558.
PDFData Archival1997SEG-D_r2.0Wood, G., P. Behn, C. Borresen, W. Guyton, L. Miles, D. O’Neill, S. Oishi, and T. Scales, SEG-D, Revision 2 SEG Field Tape Standards: Geophysics, 62, no. 3, 1004–1031.
PDFData Archival1996SEG RodeBooth, E., U. Algan, P. Duke, W. Guyton, M. Norris, S. Stainsby, J. Theriot, B. Wildgoose, and D. Wilhelmsen, 1996 SEG RODE FORMAT: Record Oriented Data EncapsulationGeophysics, 61, no. 5, 1545–1558.
PDFAncillary Data Exchange1995SEG SPSSEG Technical Standards Committee on Ancilliary Data Formats, 1995, Shell Processing Support Format For Land 3-D Surveys: Geophysics, 60, no. 2, 596–610
PDFData Recording1994SEG-D_r1.0Allen, R., G. Crews, W. Guyton, C.A. McLemore, B. Peterson, C. S. Rapp, L. Walker, L.R. Whigham, D.A. White, and G. Wood, 1994, Digital field tape format standards — SEG-D, REVISION 1Geophysics, 59, no. 4, 668–684.
PDFPolarity1993SEG Polarity 1993Landrum, R.A., R.A. Brook, and J.J. Sallas, 1994, Polarity convention for vibratory source and recording systemsGeophysics, 59, no. 2, 315–322.
PDFData Recording1990SEG-2Pullan, S.E., 1990, Recommended standard for seismic (/radar) files in the personal computer environmentGeophysics, 55, no. 9, 1260–1271.
PDFDigital recorders1988Digital recordersBadger, A.S., 1988, Digital Seismic Recorder Specification StandardsGeophysics, 53, no. 3, 415–416.
PDFMarine energy sources1988Marine energy sourcesJohnston, R.C., D.H. Reed, and J.F. Desler, 1988, Special report on marine seismic energy source standards*Geophysics, 53, no. 4, 566–575.
(*Errata in Geophysics, 53, no. 7, 1011)
PDFMarine streamers1987Marine streamersReed, D.H., R.L. Selsam, and W.A. Knox, 1987, Special report on SEG standards for marine seismic hydrophones and streamer cables*: Geophysics, 52, no. 2, 242–248.
(*Errata in Geophysics, 52, no. 5, 720)
PDFPositioning1983SEG-P1 SEG-P2 SEG-P3Morgan, J. G., L.H. Spradley, G.A. Worthington, and I.J. McClelland, 1983, Special report on SEG standard exchange formats for positional data: Geophysics, 48, no. 4, 488–490.
PDFE&M1987MT/EMAPWright, David E., MT/EMAP Data Interchange Standard, Revision 1.0, Dec 1987. This standard was not published in Geophysics. It later appeared in: Wright, D.E., SEG standard for MT and EMAP data, 1988, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988, 249–251.
PDFUnits1980SEG SI MetricHilterman, Fred, Franklyn Levin, Norman Neidell, Robert Sheriff, and Lee Lenz, The SI Metric System of Units And SEG Tentative Metric Standard, 1980. This document was not published in Geophysics.
PDFPolarity1975SEG Polarity 1975Thigpen, B.B., A.E. Dalby, and R. Landrum, 1975, Special Report of the Subcommittee on Polarity Standards*Geophysics, 40, no. 4, 694–699.
(*Discussion by W.T. Valenta in Geophysics, 41, no. 2, 324; reply by B.B. Thigpen in Geophysics, 41, no. 2, 324)
PDFData Recording1975SEG-DBarry, K.M., D.A. Cavers, and C.W. Kneale, 1975, Recommended standards for digital tape formatsGeophysics, 40, no. 2, 344–352.
PDFData Recording1975SEG-YBarry, K.M., D.A. Cavers, and C.W. Kneale, 1975, Recommended standards for digital tape formatsGeophysics, 40, no. 2, 344–352.
PDFData Recording1972SEG-CMeiners, E.P., L.L. Lenz, A.E. Dalby, and J.M. Hornsby, 1972, Recommended standards for digital tape formatsGeophysics, 37, no. 1, 36–44.
PDFData Recording1967SEG-A SEG-B SEG-EXNorthwood, E.J., R.C. Weisinger, and J.J. Bradley, 1967, Recommended standards for digital tape formatsGeophysics, 32, no. 6, 1073–1084.